Strategies of Major Carriers Away from their Main Hub Airports: A Comparison of the European and US Experience

As the business plans of European and US legacy carriers mature and adapt to deregulation, open skies and competition from LCCs, new strategies have developed to feed hubs and operate the route system in efficient and more cost effective ways. These strategies appear to differ based on the airline’s business plan, hub location, economy, political influence, level of competition and operating environment. In particular, a wide range of different approaches are apparent to dealing with non-hub services - as this is where the airline's competitive position is weaker. These include use of regional affiliates, low-cost subsidiaries, outsourcing and swaps of slots and assets. Mainline branding may be adopted or a stand-alone brand developed. The role of marketing tools such as frequent flyer programs (FFPs), code-shares and alliances provides an important differentiator from the pure low-cost segment of the market. This paper critically evaluates these operating solutions for selected legacy carriers and network locations in both the EU and US. The strategies will be assessed within the context of each country's airline environment. Conclusions are drawn about which approaches are more or less effective given the business objectives of the carriers chosen for analysis

A nineteen-channel filter bank spectrum analyzer for a speech recognition system

Low pass filter, bandpass filter, and design of input system for speech recognition compute

NASCAP modelling computations on large optics spacecraft in geosynchronous substorm environments

The NASA Charging Analyzer Program (NASCAP) is used to evaluate qualitatively the possibility of such enhanced spacecraft contamination on a conceptual version of a large satellite. The evaluation is made by computing surface voltages on the satellite due to encounters with substorm environments and then computing charged particle trajectories in the electric fields around the satellite. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of contaminants reaching a mirror surface inside a dielectric tube because this mirror represents a shielded optical surface in the satellite model used. Deposition of low energy charged particles from other parts of the spacecraft onto the mirror was found to be possible in the assumed moderate substorm environment condition. In the assumed severe substorm environment condition, however, voltage build up on the inside and edges of the dielectric tube in which the mirror is located prevents contaminants from reaching the mirror surface

Provisional specification for satellite time in a geomagnetic environment

Satellites in geosynchronous orbit were experiencing operational anomalies. These anomalies are believed to be due to the environment charging the spacecraft surfaces to a point where discharges occur. In designing future satellites for long term operation at geosynchronous altitude, it is important that designers have a specification that will give the total time per year, the particle flux density and particle energies that their satellites can be expected to encounter in these substorm environmental conditions. The limited data currently available on the environmental conditions are used to generate the provisional specification given in this report

Interaction of large, high power systems with operational orbit charged particle environments

A potentially hazardous spacecraft environment interaction is discussed. The interaction of large high voltage systems with low energy (less than 50 eV) plasmas which can result in loss of power and/or arching was examined. The impact of this class of interactions where the ambient operation is most severe at low orbits where the ambient plasmas are densest. Results of experimental work and predictions of simple analytical models were presented and their implications for design of space systems were reviewed

Charging characteristics of materials: Comparison of experimental results with simple analytical models

A one-dimensional model for charging of samples is used in conjunction with experimental data taken to develop material charging characteristics for silvered Teflon. These characteristics are then used in a one dimensional model for charging in space to examine expected response. Relative charging rates as well as relative charging levels for silvered Teflon and metal are discussed

Provisional specification for satellite time in a geomagnetic substorm environment

Satellites in geosynchronous orbit have been experiencing operational anomalies. These anomalies are believed to be due to the environment charging the spacecraft surfaces to a point where discharges occur. In designing future satellites for long term operation at geosynchronous altitude, it is important that designers have a specification that will give the total time per year, the particle flux density, and particle energies that their satellites can be expected to encounter in these substorm environmental conditions. The limited data currently available on the environmental conditions was used to generate the provisional specification given

A Programme of Professional Self-Development for Teachers in New Zealand Technical Institutes

Since 1973, a Tutor Training Unit (TTU) has provided professional education for teachers newly appointed to full-time teaching positions within the New Zealand Technical Institute system (the equivalent of Australian TAFE colleges). In a twelve-week course, organized into four discrete blocks, nurses and plumbers, accountants and secretaries, artists and technicians, community developers and computer programmers are together given basic instruction in educational thinking, teaching techniques, teaching aids and evaluation procedures. In an attempt to systematically assess the current and future requirements of Technical Institute teachers, a research programme was designed to identify professional skills which, when mastered, would enable them to teach competently in ever-changing circumstances

Study of electro-absorption effects in 1300nm In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum dot materials

No abstract available

Investigation of high voltage spacecraft system interactions with plasma environments

An experimental investigation was undertaken for insulator and conductor test surfaces biased up to + or - 1kV in a simulated low earth orbit charged particle environment. It was found that these interactions are controlled by the insulator surfaces surrounding the biased conductors. For positive applied voltages the electron current collection can be enhanced by the insulators. For negative applied voltages the insulator surface confines the voltage to the conductor region. Understanding these interactions and the technology to control their impact on system operation is essential to the design of solar cell arrays for ion drive propulsion applications that use direct drive power processing